Paradise Lost Book IV by John Milton: Theme of Obedience

Theme of obedience in Paradise Lost Book IV by John Milton

Q. Discuss the theme of obedience in Paradise Lost Book IV

Answer: The theme of obedience is a central one in John Milton's epic poem "Paradise Lost," and it is particularly prominent in Book IV. The book portrays the disobedience of Eve, who eats the forbidden fruit, and the consequences of her disobedience, which include the Fall of Man and the introduction of sin and death into the world.

At the beginning of Book IV, Milton portrays Eve as a submissive and obedient partner to Adam. She describes herself as "submissive, meek, humble, patient, calm, / And waiting thy commands to do thy will." However, as the book progresses, Eve becomes increasingly curious and independent, and she begins to question Adam's authority and God's commands. She is tempted by Satan, who takes the form of a serpent, and ultimately succumbs to her desire for knowledge and power by eating the forbidden fruit.

Milton uses the theme of obedience to explore the relationship between human beings and God, and the consequences of disobedience. He portrays God as a just and benevolent ruler, who sets clear rules and commands for his subjects to follow. Adam and Eve's disobedience represents a rejection of God's authority and a desire to be equal with Him, which ultimately leads to their downfall.

Milton also explores the idea of obedience as a test of faith and character. He suggests that obedience is not merely a matter of following rules, but rather a reflection of one's devotion and loyalty to God. In Book IV, Adam and Eve's obedience is tested, and they must choose between their desire for knowledge and their loyalty to God. Eve fails this test, while Adam ultimately submits to God's authority and accepts the consequences of their disobedience.

Another important aspect of the theme of obedience in Book IV of "Paradise Lost" is the gendered nature of obedience. Milton's portrayal of Eve as initially obedient and submissive to Adam, but ultimately disobedient and independent, reflects the cultural and religious views of his time regarding gender roles and the proper behavior of women.

Throughout the poem, Milton presents women as the weaker and more susceptible gender, and Eve's disobedience can be seen as a commentary on the dangers of allowing women to exercise too much independence or autonomy. This view is reinforced by the fact that Eve's disobedience is directly linked to her desire for knowledge and power, traits that were traditionally associated with men.

However, Milton also suggests that obedience is not solely a matter of gender, but rather a universal human trait. Both Adam and Eve are tested and tempted, and both ultimately must choose between their own desires and their loyalty to God. Thus, the theme of obedience in Book IV of "Paradise Lost" can be seen as an exploration of the nature of human beings, their relationship with God, and the role of obedience in shaping their fate.

Overall, the theme of obedience in Book IV of "Paradise Lost" is a complex and multi-layered one, reflecting Milton's deep engagement with the religious and philosophical debates of his time. Through his portrayal of Adam and Eve's struggle with obedience and disobedience, Milton explores the nature of human beings, the relationship between humans and God, and the consequences of disobedience, offering a powerful commentary on the human condition and the challenges of faith and morality.

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