Significance of the title of Mulk Raj Anand’s novel, Untouchable

Significance of the title of Mulk Raj Anand’s novel, Untouchable

Q. Critically comment on the significance of the title of Mulk Raj Anand’s novel Untouchable.

Answer: Mulk Raj Anand's novel "Untouchable" is a seminal work of Indian literature published in 1935. It is a powerful and socially significant novel that explores the life and struggles of Bakha, a young Dalit (formerly referred to as "Untouchable") sweeper in a small Indian town. The novel is set over the course of a single day and provides a vivid and unflinching portrayal of Bakha's experiences as an "Untouchable" and the pervasive discrimination he faces.

The title of Mulk Raj Anand's novel "Untouchable" holds immense significance in the context of the novel's themes and the broader social and historical context of India. We can discuss some critical comments on its significance:

Social Stigma and Discrimination: "Untouchable" directly addresses the deeply ingrained social hierarchy and discrimination that existed in India, particularly within the caste system. The term "Untouchable" refers to the lowest caste in Hindu society, often subjected to severe discrimination, segregation, and exclusion. Anand's choice of title immediately draws attention to the central issue of caste-based discrimination, highlighting the plight of those considered "untouchable."

Challenging Social Norms: The title serves as a provocative and confrontational statement, challenging the prevailing social norms of the time. By using this term as the title, Anand forces readers to confront the harsh reality faced by individuals from the lowest castes and the dehumanizing treatment they endure. It's a call to acknowledge and question the status quo.

Representation and Empowerment: Anand's novel focuses on Bakha, a young Dalit (an alternative term for "Untouchable"), and his struggles for dignity and respect in a society that devalues his existence. The title represents Bakha's identity and his quest for recognition as a human being with rights and feelings. It symbolizes his journey towards self-empowerment and the assertion of his humanity.

Social Commentary: The title also acts as a commentary on the broader social and political issues of Anand's time. It exposes the inherent injustices and prejudices within the caste system, and the discrimination faced by Dalits, which were subjects of intense debate and reform movements during the period when the novel was written (1935). By highlighting these issues, the title underscores the need for social change and reform.

Literary Impact: Anand's novel played a significant role in bringing the struggles of Dalits to the forefront of Indian literature and society. The title "Untouchable" itself has become iconic in the realm of Indian literature, representing a powerful indictment of social inequality.

In conclusion, the title "Untouchable" is more than just a label; it is a powerful literary device that encapsulates the novel's central themes, challenges societal norms, and advocates for the rights and dignity of those who have been historically marginalized. It remains a potent symbol of the ongoing struggle for social justice and equality in India.

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